医院离退休干部参与社会治理现状

通过文献研究、问卷调查、专家访谈、现地调研等方法,分析医院离退休干部参与社会治理的现状及影响因素,探讨社区对离退休干部参与社会治理的需求,提出通过党建引领医院离退休干部参与社会治理的“1235”模式,并给出具体的操作路径,以期为推动医院离退休干部积极参与社会治理提供参考。     

Diagnostic échographique d’un souffle cardiaque systolique au sein d’une population de 280 jeunes militaires français. Implications en médecine d’expertise militaire

Clinically discovering a systolic murmur is frequent among the young military population. When this murmur does not sound benign, a transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is made to detect any cardiopathy, which could cause sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of systematic TTE in the assessment of any cardiac systolic murmur (CSM) among militaries.MethodsWe ran a retrospective monocentric study in the “Clermont-Tonnerre” military hospital in Brest. We included all patients sent for TEE, aged 15 to 30 years old, from the 1st January 2010 until the 31st July 2013.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty TTES assessing CSM were performed. We found 28/280 (10%) echocardiographic abnormalities: 13 were bicuspid aortic valves (4.6%), 6 were ventricular septal defects (2.15%), 3 were atrial septal defects (1.07%), 4 were mild mitral regurgitations (1.43%), one mild pulmonary stenosis (0.35%) and one aortic stenosis (0.35%). No hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found. Concerning military expertise, 11 (3.92%) patients among these 28 with abnormal TEE were considered unfit for work or “fit for work with limitations”.ConclusionAssessing a cardiac systolic murmur with TEE lead to the diagnosis of a cardiomyopathy in 10% of the case. This study enhances the importance of systematic TEE when a CSM is detected in the young military, in order to determine if those soldiers can still fulfill their military duty.     

2011~2013年医院感染菌群分布及耐药状况分析

目的统计医院患者细菌感染菌群的变化以及耐药情况,为医院内感染管理和临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法常规培养分离临床标本,采用梅里埃公司的VITEK2全自动微生物分析仪,对标本进行细菌鉴定和药敏分析。药敏确证实验,采用美国临床检验室标准化委员会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI)推荐的纸片扩散法,进行确证实验。结果2011~2013年医院感染的细菌标本来源以痰液、分泌物和中段尿为主;且感染的主要细菌呈上升趋势,排在前五位的细菌分别是:大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌;常见的多重耐药菌,排前三位的是鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌,其在3年中的构成比有小幅度的增加;3年中革兰阴性杆菌(G-)耐药率大于70%的抗菌药物有:氨苄西林、头孢呋辛钠和头孢呋辛酯;革兰阳性球菌(G+)耐药率大于70%的抗菌药物有:青霉素G和红霉素。除4例粪肠球菌外,没发现其他耐万古霉素的菌株。结论细菌感染的标本来源以痰液为主。革兰阴性杆菌是医院感染的主要致病菌,呈每年递增的趋势,多重耐药菌株也不断上升,青霉素类药物已不适用于临床细菌感染的治疗;亚胺培南对大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯有很高的敏感性。医院应高度重视感染的管理,加强抗菌药物应用的监管,减少细菌感染的爆发和流行,减少耐药菌株的增加。     

Multiple enteropathogenic viruses in a gastroenteritis outbreak in a military exercise of the Portuguese Army

BackgroundGastroenteritis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the military populations and can diminish operational effectiveness and impede force readiness.ObjectivesThe present study investigates the cause and the source of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak that occurred during a military exercise of the Portuguese Army, in February 2013.Study DesignA retrospective investigation was performed and stool samples, food items and water were screened for common foodborne bacteria and viruses, namely Norovirus GI, Norovirus GII, Astrovirus, Rotavirus, Adenovirus and Sapovirus.ResultsFrom the total of 160 soldiers that participated in the military exercise 20 developed gastroenteritis (attack rate of 12.5%). Symptoms were predominantly vomiting (n = 17, 85%) and diarrhoea (n = 9, 45%). The first cases occurred 24–48 h after drinking water from the creek, the plausible origin of the outbreak. The epidemic peak was registered 2 days after and the last cases 6 days after, upon returning to base. No pathogenic bacteria were found in stools however virological analysis revealed the presence of multiple enteropathogenic viruses, namely Norovirus GI (GI.3), Norovirus GII (GII.4 New Orleans 2009), Astrovirus and Sapovirus, as single or co-infections. Food and water samples were not tested for the presence of viruses due to exhaustion of samples on bacteriological analysis.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a viral gastroenteritis outbreak among military personnel in the Portuguese Army.     

Feeling an outsider left in uncertainty – a phenomenological study on the experiences of older hospital patients

This paper starts from a care ethical perspective on care and reports on a phenomenological study into older patients’ experiences of hospitalisation. Although hospital care for older patients is at the centre of attention, questions what is at stake and what defines quality of care are rarely discussed with a view to the perspective of older patients themselves. The qualitative observational method of shadowing was used. Ten patients of 75 years old or older were shadowed from admission until discharge. The reflective lifeworld approach, based on phenomenological philosophy, was used to analyse the collected data. For the older patients included in the study, the essential meaning of hospitalisation can be described as feeling an outsider left in uncertainty. The word ‘left’ reveals how hospitalisation is experienced as a solitary struggle with various uncertainties that are related both to the hospital environment and to the patient's personal situation. The essential meaning is composed of the following three constituents: (i) staying in an inhospitable place, (ii) feeling constrained and (iii) experiencing disruption. The busy walking back and forth of care professionals and the functional character of involvement, restrain older patients from participating and make them feel abandoned. Feeling constrained reveals the feelings brought on by the ageing body which are emphasised by hospitalisation but often neglected by hospital staff. The failure of healthcare professionals to recognise and respond to who older patients are aside from their illness exacerbate the experience of disruptions. To improve care, hospital staff must be more sensitive to older patients’ uncertainties. Also, hospital staff should provide older patients with understandable information and explanation which besides offering patients the possibility to feel involved, meets their need for recognition.